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1.
Heart Lung ; 62: 186-192, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37556860

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Access to palliative care for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still very poor. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate our palliative care program for patients with advanced COPD by assessing whether the referral criteria for advanced COPD patients were adequate in identifying patients in end-of-life care and determine the results of the palliative care team's intervention METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of patients admitted to a multidisciplinary unit for advanced COPD. Data on sociodemographic variables, survival, symptomatology, quality of life, ACP, and health resource utilization were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients were included in this study. By the end of the follow-up period, 69 (83%) patients had died, mainly due to respiratory failure (96%). The median duration of survival from the start of follow-up was 4.27 months (95% confidence interval, 1.97-16.07). Most patients (94%) had a dyspnea level of 4. Sixty (72%) patients required opioids for dyspnea control. There were no significant differences in the quality of life of the patients during follow-up. Thirty (43%) patients died at home, 26 (38%) in a palliative care unit, and 13 (19%) in an acute care hospital. ACP was performed for 50 (72%) patients. Forty (57%) patients required palliative sedation during follow-up. Dyspnea was the reason for sedation in 34 (85%) patients. Hospital admissions and emergency room visits decreased significantly (p = 0.01) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our integrated model allows for adequate selection of patients, facilitates symptom control and ACP, reduces resource utilization, and favors death at home.

2.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 219(7): 367-374, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186641

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: El consumo de opioides es un indicador adecuado de cómo se trata el dolor. En España apenas existen estudios de la evolución del consumo y de su utilización pormenorizada en los distintos ámbitos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico, observacional, retrospectivo de las prescripciones realizadas en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) en toda la atención primaria (AP) y la atención especializada (AE) entre 2004 y 2014 y de tres grandes hospitales, para determinar la influencia de los distintos servicios en su prescripción. Resultados: El consumo de opioides en la CM entre 2004 y 2014 aumentó más de tres veces (DHD 2004: 2,67; 2014: 8,10). El tramadol fue el opioide globalmente más prescrito (DHD 2014: 4,12). Entre los de tercer escalón, el más utilizado fue el fentanilo (DHD 2014: 1,23). En AP los opioides más prescritos de tercer escalón fueron el fentanilo (DHD 2014: 0,92), seguido de la buprenorfina (DHD 2014: 0,31), la oxicodona (DHD 2014: 0,20) y el tapentadol (DHD 2014: 0,14). En AE los opioides más prescritos fueron el fentanilo (DHD 2014: 0,05), la oxicodona (DHD 2014: 0,03) y el tapentadol (DHD 2014: 0,02). En ambos casos la morfina representaba un porcentaje muy reducido (DHD 2014: AP 0,12 y AE 0,02). Por último, el opioide más utilizado en los hospitales fue la morfina (DHD 2014: 0,38), seguido del fentanilo (DHD 2014: 0,27) y la oxicodona (DHD 2014: 0,04). Los equipos de cuidados paliativos, tanto domiciliarios como hospitalarios, mostraron un consumo mayoritario de morfina (40-50% del total) y de metadona (35% del total). Conclusiones: El consumo global de opioides en la CM se triplicó entre 2004 y 2014. El tramadol y el fentanilo fueron los más prescritos del segundo y tercer escalón analgésico, respectivamente. La morfina está teniendo un papel residual en la prescripción de opioides


Background and objectives: Opioid consumption is an appropriate indicator of pain treatment. In Spain, there are scarcely any studies on the evolution of the consumption of opioids and their detailed use in the various settings. Material and methods: We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective study of prescriptions performed in the Community of Madrid in all primary care and specialized care centres and the three major hospitals between 2004 and 2014 to determine the influence of the various departments on the prescription of opioids. Results: Opioid consumption in Madrid between 2004 and 2014 increased more than 3-fold (2.67 vs. 8.10 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day [DIDs] for 2004 and 2014, respectively).Tramadol was the most widely prescribed opioid (4.12 DIDs in 2014).Among the stepIII opioids, the most widely employed was fentanyl (1.23 DIDs in 2014). In primary care, the most prescribed stepIII opioids were fentanyl (0.92 DIDs in 2014), buprenorphine (0.31 DIDs in 2014), oxycodone (0.20 DIDs in 2014) and tapentadol (0.14 DIDs in 2014). In specialized care, the most prescribed opioids were fentanyl (0.05 DIDs in 2014), oxycodone (0.03 DIDs in 2014) and tapentadol (0.02 DIDs in 2014). In both cases, morphine represented a tiny percentage (0.12 primary care and 0.02 specialized care DIDs in 2014). Lastly, the most widely used opioid in the hospitals was morphine (0.38 DIDs in 2014), fentanyl (0.27 DIDs in 2014) and oxycodone (0.04 DIDs in 2014). For the palliative care teams (both home and hospital), the most consumed opioids were morphine (40-50% of the total) and methadone (35% of the total). Conclusions: The overall consumption of opioids in Madrid tripled between 2004 and 2014. Tramadol and fentanyl were the most prescribed of the stepII andIII analgesics, respectively. The role of morphine is diminishing in the prescription of opioids


Assuntos
Humanos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Farmacoepidemiologia/tendências , Estudos Retrospectivos , Analgesia/métodos
3.
Rev Clin Esp (Barc) ; 219(7): 367-374, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30914142

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Opioid consumption is an appropriate indicator of pain treatment. In Spain, there are scarcely any studies on the evolution of the consumption of opioids and their detailed use in the various settings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an analytical, observational, retrospective study of prescriptions performed in the Community of Madrid in all primary care and specialized care centres and the three major hospitals between 2004 and 2014 to determine the influence of the various departments on the prescription of opioids. RESULTS: Opioid consumption in Madrid between 2004 and 2014 increased more than 3-fold (2.67 vs. 8.10 defined daily doses/1000 inhabitants/day [DIDs] for 2004 and 2014, respectively).Tramadol was the most widely prescribed opioid (4.12 DIDs in 2014).Among the stepIII opioids, the most widely employed was fentanyl (1.23 DIDs in 2014). In primary care, the most prescribed stepIII opioids were fentanyl (0.92 DIDs in 2014), buprenorphine (0.31 DIDs in 2014), oxycodone (0.20 DIDs in 2014) and tapentadol (0.14 DIDs in 2014). In specialized care, the most prescribed opioids were fentanyl (0.05 DIDs in 2014), oxycodone (0.03 DIDs in 2014) and tapentadol (0.02 DIDs in 2014). In both cases, morphine represented a tiny percentage (0.12 primary care and 0.02 specialized care DIDs in 2014). Lastly, the most widely used opioid in the hospitals was morphine (0.38 DIDs in 2014), fentanyl (0.27 DIDs in 2014) and oxycodone (0.04 DIDs in 2014). For the palliative care teams (both home and hospital), the most consumed opioids were morphine (40-50% of the total) and methadone (35% of the total). CONCLUSIONS: The overall consumption of opioids in Madrid tripled between 2004 and 2014. Tramadol and fentanyl were the most prescribed of the stepII andIII analgesics, respectively. The role of morphine is diminishing in the prescription of opioids.

4.
Med. paliat ; 17(4): 226-233, jul.-ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137328

RESUMO

Objetivos: analizar la bibliografía existente sobre los diferentes aspectos relacionados con la aplicación de los cuidados paliativos en las Enfermedades Respiratorias Crónicas en Fase Avanzada (ERCA), para delimitar los pacientes susceptibles de recibir estos cuidados, las necesidades de los enfermos y las medidas más importantes que deben ser adoptadas para su tratamiento desde una perspectiva de mejora de su calidad de vida. Material y métodos: revisión narrativa, focalizando en los criterios pronósticos en las ERCA, las necesidades de estos pacientes, su integración en los programas de cuidados paliativos y el tratamiento de la disnea. Resultados: las ERCA agrupan a una serie de procesos crónicos respiratorios, de evolución progresiva e incurable, que cursan con insuficiencia respiratoria y una importante sintomatología Y déficit funcional, ocasionando alta dependencia y frecuentación de los servicios sanitarios. Hay un generalizado consenso en la necesidad de integrar los cuidados paliativos en la atención a los pacientes con ERCA que contrasta con el escaso porcentaje de estos enfermos incluidos en programas de cuidados paliativos. Las necesidades de los pacientes con ERCA son similares a las de los pacientes con cáncer avanzado. Los programas de seguimiento domiciliario han mostrado su efectividad para reducir el número de ingresos y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos enfermos. Su implantación en el marco de los programas de cuidados paliativos facilitaría la inclusión de estos enfermos. Mejorar la comunicación en los pacientes con ERCA, facilitando su participación en la toma de decisiones debe ser uno de los objetivos prioritarios en el seguimiento de estos enfermos. La disnea es el síntoma más prevalente en los pacientes con ERCA y el que más disconfort produce. Se deben utilizar escalas de dificultad respiratoria que permitan evaluar y monitorizar la efectividad de los tratamientos empleados. Los opioides son una de las piedras angulares en el tratamiento de la disnea. Un ensayo terapéutico con estos fármacos resulta imprescindible en el manejo de enfermos con disnea refractaria a otras medidas de tratamiento. Conclusiones: los programas de cuidados paliativos deberían incluir pacientes con ERCA con el objetivo de focalizar en la mejora de su calidad de vida (AU)


Objectives: to assess current bibliography on the various aspects related to palliative care implementation for advanced-stage chronic respiratory disorders (ACRDs) in order to recognize patients who will benefit from this care, the needs of patients, and the most significant measures to be adopted from an improved quality of life standpoint. Material and methods: a narrative review focused on ACRD prognostic criteria, patient needs, patient incorporation to palliative care programs, and dyspnea management. Results: ACRDs include a number of chronic respiratory conditions that are both progressive and incurable, and manifest with respiratory failure, significant symptoms, and function impairment, which leads to a high rate of dependency on and use of healthcare services. There is general consensus on the need to integrate palliative care into the management of ACRD patients, which is in contrast to the scarce proportion of such patients already included in palliative care programs. The needs of these ACRD patients are similar to those of subjects with advanced cancer. Home follow-up programs have proven effective to reduce hospitalization rates and to improve quality of life. Their implementation within a palliative care frame would facilitate patient inclusion. Communication improvement for patients with ACRD to help in their taking part in decision making must be a priority goal in the follow-up of these individuals. Dyspnea is the most prevalent and discomfort-inducing symptom among patients with ACRD. Respiratory distress scales should be used to assess and monitor treatment effectiveness. Opioids are a keystone in the management of dyspnea. A therapy cycle with these drugs is essential in the management of patients with dyspnea refractory to other therapeutic efforts. Conclusions: palliative care programs should include patients with ACRD and focus on improving their Quality of life (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Cuidados Paliativos/organização & administração , Doença Crônica , Qualidade de Vida , Dispneia/tratamento farmacológico
5.
Med. paliat ; 17(3): 156-160, mayo-jun. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140121

RESUMO

Objetivo: revisar la bibliografía existente sobre la atención de pacientes no oncológicos al final de la vida con el fin de reflexionar sobre los puntos básicos para su atención por servicios de cuidados paliativos. Material y métodos: Revisión narrativa, focalizando en la situación actual de atención a pacientes no oncológicos en la fase final de su enfermedad, las necesidades de estos enfermos y las barreras para su seguimiento en servicios específicos de cuidados paliativos. Resultados: durante muchos años hemos tendido a identificar a los enfermos susceptibles de cuidados paliativos con pacientes con enfermedad oncológica avanzada. Sin embargo, el número de fallecimientos debidos a enfermedades no oncológicas susceptibles de recibir cuidados paliativos, fundamentalmente insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, es mayor Que las debidas al cáncer. Las necesidades de los pacientes y sus familias son similares en los enfermos no oncológicoso. A pesar de ello, numerosos trabajos de investigación demuestran que estos pacientes reciben peores cuidados. Por tanto, teniendo en cuenta el principio de justicia, es una obligación ética potenciar la atención paliativa de los pacientes no oncológicos. Conclusiones: la implantación de unos cuidados paliativos de calidad en estos pacientes debe tener en cuenta lo aprendido respecto al desarrollo de estos cuidados en enfermos oncológicos. La aplicación de unos criterios de selección Que nos permita la adecuada inclusión de estos pacientes en los diferentes programas y servicios de cuidados paliativos resulta esencial para enfrentarse a las dificultades de atención en estos pacientes (AU)


Objective: to review the evidence about care at the end of life in patients with non-oncological disease in order to consider the key points in looking after these patients in palliative care units. Material and methods: a narrative review focusing on the current status of palliative care for non-oncological patients at the end of life, the needs of these patients, and the barriers to provide them with palliative care in specific palliative units. Results: for many years we have tended to identify patients in need of palliative care with patients with advanced oncological illness. However, the number of deaths due to non-oncological illness in patients entitled to receive palliative care, mainly organ failures and neurodegenerative illness, is higher than the number of deaths from cancer. We know that the needs of patients and their families are similar in non-oncological cases. In spite of this, many research works show that these patients receive poorer care. Thus, taking into account the principle of justice, it is an ethical obligation to promote palliative care in the setting of non oncological disease. Conclusions: the implementation of Quality palliative care in these patients must consider the knowledge acquired in the palliative care for cancer patients. The application of screening criteria to adequately include these patients in the various programs and palliative care services available is essential to tackle care challenges in this group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/métodos , Doença Crônica , Seleção de Pacientes , Análise de Sobrevida , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/epidemiologia , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/epidemiologia , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde
6.
Med. paliat ; 17(3): 161-171, mayo-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140122

RESUMO

Objetivos: analizar la bibliografía existente para proponer un modelo de inclusión de pacientes no oncológicos en los distintos programas y servicios de cuidados paliativos. Material y métodos: revisión narrativa, focalizando en la bibliografía existente sobre criterios de enfermedad avanzada en insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, criterios generales de supervivencia y criterios de complejidad a tener en cuenta para la identificación de pacientes susceptibles de seguimiento en programas o servicios específicos de cuidados paliativos. Resultados: la principal razón por la que los pacientes con insuficiencias orgánicas y enfermedades neurodegenerativas al final de la vida no se incluyen en los programas de cuidados paliativos es la dificultad para predecir la supervivencia. El pronóstico en estos enfermos probablemente nunca podrá ser tan preciso como en los pacientes oncológicos, pero puede ser suficiente para que algunos de ellos se beneficien de los programas de cuidados paliativos y mejoren los cuidados generales prestados en la fase final de sus enfermedades. La población diana debe definirse a partir de los criterios de enfermedad avanzada propios de cada patología. Posteriormente, para un determinado paciente, podrían aplicarse criterios generales de supervivencia y criterios de complejidad con unos estándares más o menos rigurosos dependiendo del programa o servicio de referencia de cuidados paliativos. Las preferencias del paciente sobre el tipo de seguimiento siempre deben ser tenidas en cuenta. Conclusiones: proponemos un algoritmo de inclusión de pacientes no oncológicos basado en los criterios específicos de enfermedad avanzada y finalmente definidos para cada programa y/o servicio de cuidados paliativos en función de criterios generales de supervivencia, criterios de complejidad y preferencias del propio paciente (AU)


Objectives: to analyze bibliography to propose a non-oncological patient inclusion model in various palliative care programs and services. Material and methods: a narrative review focused on available references on advanced disease criteria regarding organ failure and neurodegenerative disease, overall survival criteria, and complexity criteria to bear in mind in identifying patients susceptible of follow-up in specific palliative care programs or services. Results: the main reason why patients with organ failure and neurodegenerative disease at the end of life are not included in palliative care programs is their difficult-to-predict survival. Prognosis in these patients most probably will never be as accurate as in the case of oncological patients, but might suffice in some so that they may benefit from palliative care programs with improved general care at end-stage disease. The target population must be defined according to disease-specific advanced stage criteria. Then, for each given patient, general survival and complexity criteria may be applied using more or less rigorous criteria according to each specific palliative care program or service. Patient preferences on type of follow-up should always be taken into account. Conclusions: we propose an inclusion algorithm for non-oncological patients based on specific advanced disease criteria, finally defined for each palliative care program or service as a function of general survival criteria, complexity criteria, and patient preference (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/métodos , Doença Crônica , Seleção de Pacientes , Alocação de Recursos para a Atenção à Saúde , Doente Terminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Sobrevida , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais
7.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 208(11): 541-545, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-71608

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo. Describir la evolución de laprescripción de opiáceos desde 2002 a 2006 enlas áreas 2 y 5 de Atención Primaria de laComunidad de Madrid y sus hospitales de referencia(Hospitales Universitarios de la Princesa y la Paz).Material y método. Estudio observacionalretrospectivo de prescripciones realizadas medianteel cálculo de dosis por habitante y día.Resultados. En Atención Primaria, el opiáceo másprescrito del tercer escalón analgésico de laOrganización Mundial de la Salud es el fentanilotransdérmico (78,39% del total en 2006 en el área2 y 76,69% en el área 5), seguido por labuprenofina (12,30% y 13,23%) y la morfina(6,94% y 8,45%). En cuanto al segundo escalón, eltramadol es el opiáceo más prescrito con un85,12% y un 83,56% del consumo total.Observamos un crecimiento del consumo del tercerescalón desde una dosis por habitante y día 897,67en 2003 en el área 5 y 1.056,42 en el área 2, hasta1.490,15 y 1.601,48, respectivamente, en 2006 ydel segundo escalón desde 1.545,25 y 1.629,94 en2003 hasta 1.904,70 y 1.730,66 en ambas áreasen 2006. En los hospitales analizados se apreciauna progresión similar con un incremento gradualen la utilización del fentanilo y una tendencia a lareducción del consumo de morfina.Conclusiones. Nuestros datos reflejan el aumentodel consumo de opiáceos a pesar del descenso de lamorfina. Es destacable que el fentanilo transdérmicoes el mayor opiáceo prescrito


Background and objective. Describe the evolutionof prescription opioids from 2002 to 2006 inPrimary Health Care Area 2 and 5 in the MadridCommunity and its referral hospitals (UniversityHospitals of la Princesa and La Paz).Materials and methods. A retrospectiveobservational study of prescriptions made bycalculating defined daily doses per millioninhabitants.Results. In Primary Care, transdermal fentanyl(78.39% of the total in 2006 in area 2 and 76.69%in the area 5) is the opioid prescribed most on thethird step on the WHO analgesic ladder. This isfollowed by buprenofin (12.30% and 13.23%) andmorphine (6.94% and 8.45%). As for the secondstep, tramadol is the most prescribed opioid with85.12% and 83.56% of total consumption. We see agrowth in consumption in the third step that goesfrom a defined daily doses per one millioninhabitants of 897.67 in 2003 in area 5 and1056.42 in area 2 to 1490.15 and 1601.48,respectively in 2006 and the second step goes from1545.25 and 1629.94 in 2003 to 1904.70 and1730.66 in both areas in 2006. In the hospitalsanalyzed, there is a similar progression, with agradual increase in the use of fentanyl and a trendtowards reduction in the consumption of morphine.Conclusions. Our data reflect the increase inconsumption of opioids, despite declining morphine.It is noteworthy that transdermal fentanyl is theopioid prescribed most


Assuntos
Humanos , Entorpecentes/uso terapêutico , Posologia Homeopática , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Uso de Medicamentos/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Fentanila/uso terapêutico , Morfina/uso terapêutico
8.
Med. paliat ; 15(5): 265-268, nov.-dic. 2008. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-60732

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir el perfil del paciente oncológico terminal con reservorio venoso subcutáneo (RVS) en un equipo de atención domiciliaria; exponer los procedimientos para los que se ha utilizado; conocer las complicaciones tardías asociadas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo prospectivo de enfermos atendidos en un equipo de atención domiciliaria. En todos los pacientes se valoró: edad, sexo y tipo de tumor. En aquellos con RVS se registró: motivo de implantación, procedimientos y complicaciones asociadas. Resultados: se evaluaron 488 pacientes. De ellos, 71 (14,5%) eran portadores de RVS. Respecto al total de población atendida, la edad media delos pacientes con RVS fue menor (55 vs. 68 años; p < 0,005) y el porcentaje de mujeres era mayor (56,3%). Los tumores más frecuentes fueron: mama (31%), gástrico (18,3%) y pulmón (15,5%). El reservorio fue utilizado para extracción de muestras sanguíneas, administración de medicación y nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD). Se detectaron 5 complicaciones en 4 pacientes: acodamiento del catéter (1), flebitis (1) e infección (3 episodios en 2 pacientes con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria). No se detectó ningún caso de obstrucción. Conclusiones: el perfil de usuario de RVS encontrado en nuestro trabajo es el de una mujer joven con neoplasia de mama. Los reservorios fueron utilizados para extracción de muestras sanguíneas, administración de medicación y NPD. Las complicaciones observadas son muy escasas y en ningún caso obligaron a la retirada del catéter. La utilización de un protocolo de cuidados del catéter puede minimizar las complicaciones y facilitar el uso de estos reservorios (AU)


Objective: to describe the profile of the patient with terminal cancer who carries a central venous subcutaneous system (CVS) in a team of domiciliary care; to discuss the procedures for those who have one; to know late complications. Methods: a descriptive market study of patients cared for by a home care team. For all patients, age, sex and type of tumor were assessed. In those with CVS the reason for implantation, procedures, and associated complications were recorded. Results: 488 patients were evaluated. Of them, 71 (14.5%) were CVS carriers. With regard to the whole study population, mid-age patients with CVS were a minority (55 vs. 68 years; p < 0.005) and the percentage of women was higher (56.3%). The most frequent tumors were: breast (31%), gastric (18.3%) and lung (15.5%). The system was used for the extraction of blood samples, administration of medication and home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Five complications were detected in 4 patients: blocked catheter (1), phlebitis (1) and infection (3 episodes in 2 patients with HPN). No case of obstruction was detected. Conclusions: the CVS user profile found in our work is that of a young woman with breast cancer. Systems were used for drawing blood samples, and administering medication and HPN. Complications were few and in no case led to catheter withdrawal. Using a protocol for catheter care can minimize complications and facilitate the use of these systems (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Assistência Terminal/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Assistência Domiciliar/métodos , /efeitos adversos
10.
Med. paliat ; 15(2): 98-117, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68001

RESUMO

Introducción: las enfermedades neurodegenerativas, hoy incurables, suscitan cada vez mayor interés en lo que se refiere a la atención continuada y manejo sintomático, dada la progresividad de su síntomas, y la creciente dependencia que generan. Algunos colectivos médicos vuelven la vista hacia los pacientes neurológicos como posibles candidatos a una aproximación integral, interdisciplinar, basada en los principios que fundamentan la atención paliativa oncológica. Se ha propuesto que una asistencia basada en el modelo paliativo, coordinada con el tratamiento neurológico específico, puede mejorar en gran medida la calidad de vida de estos enfermos. Objetivos: la enfermedad de Huntington (EH) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo, hereditario, cuyas manifestaciones principales son alteraciones psiquiátricas, deterioro cognitivo y movimientos involuntarios. Nos proponemos realizar una primera aproximación a las necesidades de las familias afectadas por la EH y evaluar la adecuación de las prestaciones existentes. Tomando como punto de partida el modelo paliativo, propondremos algunas sugerencias encaminadas a mejorar su atención y su calidad de vida. Material y método: basándonos en los principios de la investigación cualitativa, se elaboraron dos modelos de entrevista semiestructurada (paciente y cuidadores principales) y se reclutaron familias por mediación de la Asociación Española de Corea de Huntington. Las entrevistas se registraron mediante un sistema de audio digital y fueron inmediatamente transcritas. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas a cuatro familias. Se seleccionaron los fragmentos de mayor interés y se analizaron los datos más significativos por bloques temáticos. Resultados: las necesidades puestas de manifiesto por cuidadores y enfermos son diversas. En general, la mayoría reclama mayores habilidades de comunicación en los profesionales, la adecuación de los servicios, y la continuidad y coordinación de los distintos personajes que participan en los cuidados. Los pacientes resaltan las esperanzas que arroja la investigación biomédica, mientras que los cuidadores fijan su atención en los problemas cotidianos y la escasa disposición de los facultativos a cooperar con el cuidador en la organización de los cuidados. Dado el impacto emocional que supone la EH, todos coinciden en que las actitudes individuales de acompañamiento son muchas veces las que condicionan que la opinión general sobre su atención sea o no satisfactoria. Discusión: el presente estudio es el primer trabajo que se lleva a cabo en España en lo que se refiere a la estimación de necesidades de las familias afectas de la EH desde una perspectiva paliativa. Aunque interpretados con la cautela que exige un estudio de metodología cualitativa, los resultados obtenidos nos muestran que las necesidades de estos pacientes y sus cuidadores son múltiples, y que muchas no están correctamente abordadas por los servicios sociosanitarios que tienen a su disposición. Si bien se trata de una patología poco prevalente, existen muchas enfermedades de corte semejante y generadoras de una importante discapacidad (demencias, esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, esclerosis múltiple, etc.) con las que podría compartir recursos. Así, cabe plantearse si la implementación de servicios adaptados a las necesidades específicas de los trastornos neurodegenerativos, y entre ellos la EH, quizás pudiera contribuir eficientemente a adaptar nuestra sanidad a los cambios sociales y demográficos de las últimas décadas. La experiencia y metodología de los servicios paliativos en pacientes oncológicos pueden inspirar y facilitar la elaboración de iniciativas encaminadas a mejorar la calidad de la atención que reciben estos enfermos y sus familias (AU)


Introduction: neurodegenerative diseases, today incurable, are arousing more and more interest where continued care and symptom management are concerned, given the progressive nature of their symptoms and the increasing dependency that they cause. Some medical groups are starting to look at neurological patients as possible candidates for an integral, interdisciplinary approach based on the principles founded by oncological palliative care. It has been proposed that assistance based on the palliative model, combined with specific neurological treatment, could greatly improve the quality of life of these patients. Objetives: Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder whose principal symptoms are psychiatric disturbance, cognitive deterioration, and involuntary movement. We propose a first approach to the needs of the families affected by HD, and to evaluate the adequacy of the existing care resources. Taking as a starting point the palliative model, we will propose some suggestions designed to improve their care and quality of life. Material and method: using the principles of qualitative investigation as our base, two semi-structured interview models were developed (patient and primary carers), and the families were recruited through Asociacion Española de Corea de Huntington. The interviews were recorded using a digital audio system and immediately transcribed. There were eight interviews among four families. The most interesting fragments were chosen for study, and the most significant data were analyzed by themed blocks. Results: he needs made obvious by carers and patients are diverse. In general, a majority request greater communication ability from professionals, adequacy of services, and continuity and coordination from the different people involved with care. Patients highlight the hopes that bio-medicinal research is producing, whereas carers focus their attention on daily problems and the scarce availability of medical staff to cooperate in the organization of care. Given the emotional impact of HD, everybody coincides that individual attitudes of accompaniment are very often those that condition the general opinion regarding whether attention is satisfactory. Discussion: The present study is the first work to be undertaken in Spain with reference to the needs of families affected by HD from a palliative point of view. Although interpreted with the necessary caution that a qualitative methodology demands, the results obtained show that the needs of these patients and carers are manifold, and many are not correctly addressed by the social and health services at their disposal. Even if it is a pathology of little prevalence, there are many other diseases of a similar nature and which generate important handicaps (dementia, amiotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, etc.) with which it could share resources. Therefore, it is worth thinking about whether the implementation of services adapted to the specific needs of neurodegenerative disorders, amongst those HD, may contribute in an efficient way to adapt healthcare to the social and demographic changes of the last decades. The experience and methodology of palliative services in oncological patients can inspire and facilitate the development of initiatives aimed at improving care quality (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Huntington/terapia , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Paliativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença de Huntington/psicologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Cuidadores/psicologia , Relações Médico-Paciente , Entrevistas como Assunto , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia
11.
Rev Clin Esp ; 208(11): 541-5, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19121263

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Describe the evolution of prescription opioids from 2002 to 2006 in Primary Health Care Area 2 and 5 in the Madrid Community and its referral hospitals (University Hospitals of la Princesa and La Paz). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study of prescriptions made by calculating defined daily doses per million inhabitants. RESULTS: In Primary Care, transdermal fentanyl (78.39% of the total in 2006 in area 2 and 76.69% in the area 5) is the opioid prescribed most on the third step on the WHO analgesic ladder. This is followed by buprenofin (12.30% and 13.23%) and morphine (6.94% and 8.45%). As for the second step, tramadol is the most prescribed opioid with 85.12% and 83.56% of total consumption. We see a growth in consumption in the third step that goes from a defined daily doses per one million inhabitants of 897.67 in 2003 in area 5 and 1056.42 in area 2 to 1490.15 and 1601.48, respectively in 2006 and the second step goes from 1545.25 and 1629.94 in 2003 to 1904.70 and 1730.66 in both areas in 2006. In the hospitals analyzed, there is a similar progression, with a gradual increase in the use of fentanyl and a trend towards reduction in the consumption of morphine. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reflect the increase in consumption of opioids, despite declining morphine. It is noteworthy that transdermal fentanyl is the opioid prescribed most.


Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/reabilitação , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Área Programática de Saúde , Progressão da Doença , Cálculos da Dosagem de Medicamento , Humanos , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
13.
Med. paliat ; 12(4): 204-209, oct.-dic. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043492

RESUMO

Antecedentes: la candidiasis orofaríngea es frecuente en pacientes terminales. Los tratamientos habituales son nistatina oral y fluconazol en pautas largas. Se ha sugerido que una pauta con dosis única de fluconazol podría ser igualmente efectiva, lo cual supondría una mayor comodidad posológica y un menor coste del tratamiento. Objetivos: describir la experiencia de nuestro servicio en el tratamiento de la candidiasis orofaríngea en pacientes con enfermedad oncológica avanzada con una dosis única de 150 mg de fluconazol. Analizar la frecuencia y posibles factores asociados con la aparición de candidiasis orofaríngea en estos pacientes. Método: se estudiaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes oncológicos terminales atendidos por un servicio de Cuidados Paliativos Domiciliario durante el año. Se recogieron datos de la historia clínica sobre el diagnóstico (según criterios clínicos), tratamiento y eficacia. Resultados: se incluyeron 96 de 102 pacientes. 24 pacientes (25%) tuvieron al menos un episodio de candidiasis orofaríngea. Un caso se consideró como ineficacia del tratamiento al tener un nuevo episodio en menos de 7 días. Todos los pacientes cumplieron adecuadamente el tratamiento. Como factores asociados con la aparición de candidiasis orofaríngea se detectó el uso de corticoides (p = 0,03) y la linfopenia (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: la dosis única de 150 mg de fluconazol parece eficaz para el tratamiento de la candidiasis orofaríngea en pacientes oncológicos terminales. Se precisan ensayos clínicos que comparen esta pauta con otros tratamientos empleados habitualmente. Los factores asociados con la aparición de candidiasis orofaríngea detectados en nuestro estudio fueron el tratamiento con corticoides y la linfopenia (AU)


Introduction: oropharyngeal candidiasis is a frequent infection inpatients receiving palliative care for advanced cancer. Most common treatments include oral nystatin and fluconazole for one or two weeks. It has been suggested that a single dose of fluconazole may also be effective, which would mean an easier dosage and lower costs. Objectives: to describe our department's experience with the the use of single doses (150 mg) of fluconazole in advanced cancer patients. To establish the prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis, and to find potentially related factors. Methods: all advanced cancer patients followed by a home palliative care team during 2002 were retrospectively studied. Information on diagnosis, treatment, and treatment effectiveness was obtained from patient follow-up records. Results: ninety-six of 102 patients were included. Twenty-four of them (25%) had at least one episode of oropharyngeal candidiasis. In one case treatment was considered ineffective because of the development of a new episode in less than 7 days. All patients completed their treatment appropriately. Use of steroids (p = 0.03) and lymphopenia (p = 0.04) were detected as factors related to oropharyngeal candidiasis. Conclusions: A single dose of fluconazole (150 mg) seems effective for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in advanced cancer patients. Further clinical trials are needed to compare this regimen with other treatments available. Use of steroids and lymphopenia were recognized as factors related to oropharyngeal candidiasis in these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Orofaringe/microbiologia , Fluconazol/administração & dosagem , Candidíase Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Linfopenia/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doente Terminal , Dose Única
14.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(6): 371-377, nov.-dic. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041028

RESUMO

Alrededor del 60% de todos los cánceres y del 70% de los fallecimientos por esta causa ocurren en personas de más de 65 años. Sin embargo, distintos estudios demuestran los peores resultados terapéuticos obtenidos en estos pacientes. La causa de estos peores resultados no parece derivarse de una peor evolución del cáncer. Los ancianos están claramente poco representados en los ensayos clínicos y existe una evidente actitud abstencionista hacia el tratamiento por parte de los profesionales involucrados en el manejo del cáncer en estos pacientes. Presentamos 3 casos clínicos de pacientes geriátricos remitidos a nuestra unidad para control paliativo de su sintomatología y que en realidad necesitaban tratamientos más agresivos. A propósito de estos casos, comentamos las diferencias existentes respecto a las distintas modalidades de tratamiento en oncología entre la población adulta y la geriátrica. Estas diferencias no dependen tanto del propio cáncer o de la aplicación del tratamiento como de circunstancias asociadas, es decir, principalmente de la presencia de comorbilidad, deterioro funcional o síndromes geriátricos. Por último, tratamos de establecer unas recomendaciones generales a la hora de la evaluación de un anciano con cáncer


Around 60% of all cancers and 70% of cancer-related deaths occur in the population aged over 65 years. However, various studies show that therapeutic results in this kind of patient are poorest. The cause of these poor results does not seem to be a more aggressive cancer course. The elderly are clearly underrepresented in cancer treatment trials and there is a clear abstentionist attitude towards treatments among professionals involved in cancer management. We present three geriatric patients who were referred to our unit for palliative care and who in fact deserved more aggressive treatments. Apropos of these patients, we discuss differences among the distinct treatment modalities in oncology for the adult and geriatric populations. These differences do not depend so much on the cancer itself or on the application of treatment but rather depend on associated circumstances, mainly the existence of comorbidity, functional deterioration or geriatric syndromes. Lastly, we try to establish several general recommendations for the proper evaluation of elderly individuals with cancer


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/tendências , Falha de Tratamento , Neoplasias/terapia , Recusa em Tratar/estatística & dados numéricos , Comorbidade , Avaliação Geriátrica
17.
Nutr Hosp ; 19(5): 281-5, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15516038

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND GOALS: The assessment of the acceptance of the diets served at the hospital allows the introduction of adjustments to improve the quality of the service provided to hospitalized patients by preventing the complications derived from incorrect nutrition and enhancing their stay in hospital. The goal of the present study was to analyze the acceptance of the menus offered by the Hospital's catering service. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: Menus provided by the catering service of the "Sant Joan de Reus" University Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 160 tray meals consumed were assessed, all chosen at random and corresponding to standard diets and special diets, including puréed food. The assessment was made by two dieticians in the hospital's kitchens. A visual scale was used with the following scores: 0 for a full plate, 1 for residual food amounting to over 75%, 2 from 50% to 75%, 3 more than or equal to 25% and 4 for empty plates. RESULTS: A total of 68 trays containing a standard diet were analyzed, together with 34 containing special diets and 41 with puréed food. The remains on 36 different courses from the standard diet were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 3.01 +/- 1.30 in the case of the first courses, 3.24 +/- 1.11 in second courses and 3.53 +/- 0.96 for the desserts. As for special diets, a total of 27 different courses were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 2.87 +/- 1.38 in the case of the first courses, 3.02 +/- 1.27 in second courses and 3.49 +/- 1.22 for the desserts. The first courses of puréed diets received the worst score of all the dishes served, although the overall mean score was good, 2.76 +/- 1.5. CONCLUSIONS: In general, a good level of acceptance has been observed for the set meals served in the hospital. Knowing which courses have lower acceptance scores allows changes to be proposed to the hospital menus, with their replacement by others with foreseeably better acceptance.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/terapia , Nutrição Parenteral no Domicílio , Assistência Terminal , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
18.
Nutr. hosp ; 19(5): 281-285, sept.-oct. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134956

RESUMO

A pesar de que el cáncer constituye en la mayoría de las series publicadas la patología de base más frecuente para la indicación de Nutrición Parenteral Domiciliaria (NPD), su utilización en pacientes terminales sigue siendo objeto de controversias. Nuestro objetivo ha sido revisar la evolución de los pacientes con cáncer tratados con NPD procedentes del Hospital La Paz con el fin de estudiar su indicación, evolución y complicaciones. Revisamos un total de 9 pacientes oncológicos terminales que habían sido tratados con NPD entre enero de 2000 y diciembre del 2002. Con una edad media de 60,4 años (44-81), el cáncer de base más frecuente era el adenocarcinoma gástrico (44%). La obstrucción intestinal en el contexto de una carcinomatosis peritoneal fue el motivo de indicación en el 89% de los casos y la mediana de supervivencia de 71 días (23-131). La infección del catéter representó la complicación más frecuente con 1,4 episodios/paciente. La existencia de un Equipo de Soporte Domiciliario facilitó el seguimiento de los pacientes, estimándose la NPD como tratamiento proporcionado en el 67% de los casos. El 56% de los pacientes no estaban suficientemente informados de su enfermedad de base. Aunque la NPD es un recurso terapéutico más, del que podemos disponer en algunos pacientes oncológicos terminales, debemos afinar la indicación lo más posible teniendo en cuenta una serie de "garantías sistemáticas" que incluyen el cumplimiento de los criterios clínicos pertinentes, el consentimiento informado y la colegiación en la decisión de todos los profesionales implicados en el seguimiento del paciente. Proponemos un algoritmo de actuación para ayudar a mejorar el proceso de toma de decisiones en estos pacientes (AU)


Background and goals: The assessment of the acceptance of the diets served at the hospital allows the introduction of adjustments to improve the quality of the service provided to hospitalized patients by preventing the complications derived from incorrect nutrition and enhancing their stay in hospital. The goal of the present study was to analyze the acceptance of the menus offered by the Hospital's catering service. Scope of the study: Menus provided by the catering service of the "Sant Joan de Reus" University Hospital. Material and methods: A total of 160 tray meals consumed were assessed, all chosen at random and corresponding to standard diets and special diets, including puréed food. The assessment was made by two dieticians in the hospital´s kitchens. A visual scale was used with the following scores: 0 for a full plate, 1 for residual food amounting to over 75%, 2 from 50% to 75%, 3 more than or equal to 25% and 4 for empty plates. Results: A total of 68 trays containing a standard diet were analyzed, together with 34 containing special diets and 41 with puréed food. The remains on 36 different courses from the standard diet were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 3.01 ± 1.30 in the case of the first courses, 3.24 ± 1.11 in second courses and 3.53 ± 0.96 for the desserts. As for special diets, a total of 27 different courses were analyzed. The mean acceptance score was 2.87 ± 1.38 in the case of the first courses, 3.02 ± 1.27 in second courses and 3.49 ± 1.22 for the desserts. The first courses of puréed diets received the worst score of all the dishes served, although the overall mean score was good, 2.76 ± 1.5. Conclusions: In general, a good level of acceptance has been observed for the set meals served in the hospital. Knowing which courses have lower acceptance scores allows changes to be proposed to the hospital menus, with their replacement by others with foreseeably better acceptance (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Nutrição Parenteral no Domicílio/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Terapia Nutricional/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Obstrução Intestinal/epidemiologia , Seleção de Pacientes , Doente Terminal , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
19.
Aten Primaria ; 33(2): 61-6, 2004 Feb 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14967121

RESUMO

AIM: To study the profile and burden of care in carers of patients with dementia who participated in the ALOIS program. A second objective was to evaluate caregiver satisfaction with the intervention, and changes in caregiver burden after participation in the program. DESIGN: Descriptive study of a specific intervention with no control group. SETTING: Primary care centers. PARTICIPANTS: Principal caregivers of patients with dementia. INTERVENTIONS: Group education sessions led by multidisciplinary teams comprising physicians, nurses and social workers. MEASURES: Caregiver profile; mean caregiver burden before and 3 months after the intervention (Caregiver Burden Interview, Zarit); caregivers' evaluation of the program. RESULTS: Participants N=245. Profile (N=173): women (83%), mean age 54.6 years (range, 26-83 years), married (82.5%), no formal education or primary school only (70.2%), housewife (54.3%), patient's daughter (58.5%). More than 60% of the caregivers received informal help, and fewer than 5% received formal help. 72.5% of the caregivers were considered overburdened at the start of the intervention, and the burden was greater in older caregivers. No differences were detected in caregiver relation to the patient, marital status or employment status of the caregiver. Participants rated the program very highly, emphasizing the opportunity to share their experiences with other caregivers and to obtain knowledge and skills that helped them provide better care. Pre- and postintervention burden of care was compared in 68 participants (54.76+/-15.16 points vs 53.02+/-12.55), and no statistically significant difference was found. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of care was high among caregivers, and increased as caregivers aged. Caregivers considered participation in the program to be highly useful. Care for caregivers should form part of care provided for patients with dementia.


Assuntos
Cuidadores/psicologia , Demência/enfermagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários
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